‘ARYANS’, ‘DRAVIDS’AND ‘NAGAS’---SOME LIES, SOME MYTHS AND SOME LEGENDS

‘ARYANS’, ‘DRAVIDS’AND ‘NAGAS’---SOME LIES, SOME MYTHS AND SOME LEGENDS-PART ONE



Who are Dravidian people? Are they ethnically same? Do they owe their origin to South India? Strange questions I ask and strange answers I will give. I will quote from known written sources but deduce based on what the ORAL HISTORY of the people would dictate to me. Firstly, DRAVIDIAN PEOPLE are neither one nor ethnically same. The origin of the word is interesting. As I Go through WIKIPEDIA article, it makes certain amusing observations. These are:-

-The word first time finds mention in SANSKRIT TEXTS in and around seventh century AD. It was used by KUMARILA BHATTA in his book TANTRIKAVARTTIKA. It is alleged the word was used to describe TAMIL LANGUAGE. It was an Englishman, namely, Robert Caldwell, who used this phrase to describe people of South India. He coined the term DRAVIDIANS in the 19th Century. How ironic—there are people in South India whose ancestors coined this dergatory term to describe lowly people but today they as descendants of 'ANCIENTS GREATS' are also clubbed into the same category.

-The Origin of the word DRAVIDA is attributed to the Sanskrit word “DRAMILA” or “DAMILA”, which later corrupted to Tamil or Tamil speaking people. It has been done by Linguists and they have gone to the extent of equating these words with TAMIL or TARMIZ. However, I have a different definition. I personally feel the word has been coined out of old Sanskrit and ancient PERSIAN words. There is a Persian word “DRI-CHE-SHAK”, meaning undoubtedly or without doubt. Here, DRI stands for WITHOUT and ‘SHAK’ for ‘DOUBT’. Even in SANSKRIT the word ‘DRI’stands for “LACKING- IN”. The word DRAVID is made of two Sanskrit words “DRI” and “VID”. DRI, as explained, would stand for ‘Lacking-in or poor’ while “VID” means KNOWLEDGE. Thus DRAVID was a person who did not have the knowledge. It was used to refer to people who were considered INFERIOR---as till a few years back or even today, NON-ENGLISH speaking people are viewed. It was not referring to a race or one ethnicity but was used as a derogatory term.

-Robert Caldwell, a renowned linguist, in his book “Grammar of the Dravidians or the People of South India, published in 1856, recognized 73 Dravidian languages spoken from South India to Baluchistan(PAKISTAN),Western Iran, Afghanistan and Urals. It is now believed they were the people who established Pre –Aryan or the HARAPPAN civilization .I call it the civilization of NAGA people who were the worshippers of lord Shiva. The VEDIC knowledge belongs to them which had been usurped by the ARYANS because by that time, say around 1900 BC to 2800 BC NATURAL UPHEAVALS had devastated the NAGA CIVILISATION. Anyway at this stage, dates are not important.

The more I dig into VEDIC and ARYAN myths and legends, the more I am astonished at the written volumes of BRITISH-INTERPRETTED accounts of ancient Indian History. I do not blame the BRITISHERS for this gaffe but the obedient servants of HIS MASTER’s VOICE---the genre of modern Indian historians of colonial and post-colonial era. My pointer is towards the callous neglect of the ORAL HISTORY while interpreting ancient Indian history. There was a need for a deliberate effort to establish a linkage of ORAL HISTORY with the archaeological sites. The BRITISHERS couldn’t have done this. They did not understand the local facts of customs, traditions, folklores, food habits and the development of language and local dialect to include, sayings, maxims, phrases and the grammar. Let me explain my point regarding the impact of historical events on language, dialect, customs, traditions and children games. I will do so with some examples from rural Punjab of yesteryears to show as to how do games, phrases and idioms evolve?

There was a game in rural PUNJAB, some 3-4 decades back, which the young children used to play. In this game, they drew out a square on the ground. Divided it into five rectangles from top to bottom. The third and fifth rectangles were further subdivided vertically into two equal rectangles each. The own side of the side is called ‘GHAR’ (Home). The far side is called ‘SAMUNDAR’ (THE SEA). And then they throw a dice sequentially from the HOME SIDE rectangle first and go towards the SEA SIDE rectangles step by step. Each time they have to go hopping on one leg to the rectangle where the dice is lying and push it out of the square. It is done in turns. Should the dice go out sideways or land in the opponent’s square—the player is considered out. Should you successfully bring the dice out of the square---you own the rectangle where you had thrown the dice. There are two players or two teams. It is called “ADDEE –CHHARAPPA”, meaning “HEEL- HOPPING”. Now, how would you interpret this game? If I write it, for your convenience as “ADDEE-CH-HARAPPA”, then, what would you say? Let me translate it for you: HARAPPA UNDER MY HEEL. Are you raising your heckles? Why not? This is what the game means—if you follow its basic characteristics.

Go to SANGHOL—an archaeological site of HARAPPAN period---near Chandigarh, some 60 kms South West of it on the road to Ludhiana. They say it lay on the banks of river SATLUJ when it was a tributary of river SARASWATI. The excavations reveal that it was a well planned city—which one day, some distant time in the past, just banished. The folk lore says that it was the outcome of the curse of a woman of the village. They tell you the story of the curse of a widowed girl of the village who, being harassed and troubled, wanted the TOWN to cave in---or in typical Punjabi word---“NIGGHAR JAAVE”. And Lo! It caved in one evening with the sound “GARH—GARH—GARH---GARH---GARH”. Is the name “GHAGGAR”—the name of the dry stream—alleged to be ancient SARASWATI CHANNEL based on this sound “GARH ---GARH---GARH”? Just think about it? Go to Ropar, some 50 Kms WEST of Chandigarh on the road to Jalandhar/Hoshiarpur. It is on the banks of river SATLUJ as it comes out of the Shivalik Hills. The excavations, there too, tell a similar story. How about Chandigarh itself? The museum in the Punjab University tells the story of its linkage with Harappa sites. In India, the story of our historical evolution has been greatly mystified in our attempt to glamourise our past based on certain epochal stories. We tend to be emotional in claiming everything as indigenous. Let me illustrate this in succeeding paragraphs.

Take the case of evolution of Hinduism. I t must be understood that unlike other religions, it was not founded by any MESSIAH, PROPHET or a SAINT. It evolved itself by the confluence of various TEMPORAL PHILOSOPHIES, both indigenous and external. It graduated from geographical identity to religious identity over 1000 years. Primarily, it emerged with the synthesis of two diametrically opposite philosophies---SHAIVISM and VAISHNAVISM. While SHAIVITES were NON-VEGETERAIANS; VAISHNAVITES are VEGETARIANS. Even today KASHMIRI PANDITS—the Staunch SHAIVITES ---eat MEAT and that too ‘HALAAL’ and not JHATKA’. ‘Shaivites’ had Lord Shiva as its presiding deity; Vaishnavites had Lord Vishnu. ‘Shaivites’ believed in LIVING LIFE HAPPILY TODAY---thus their guiding principle was: EAT, DRINK and BE MERY. Vaishnavites believed in the betterment OF FUTURE through ‘GOOD DEEDS TODAY’.

SHAIVISM is indigenous and VAISHNAVISM is imported. In the times bygone, both of them were competitive temporal philosophies. In the history of ‘Chalukyas’, a dynasty ruling in the peninsular India around 1000-1200AD, there are instances of kings patronizing SHAIVISM and prosecuting the Vaishnavites. It is alleged that one of the Chalukya kings, namely Kullothunga Chola II, had removed the statue of Lord Vishnu from the SHIVA shrine at CHIDAMBRAM. History and EPOCHS tell us that LORD SHIVA had been the most revered deity of ancient India. The mythical RAVANA of RAMAYANA was worshipper of LORD SHIVA. Balmiki, who wrote, original RAMAYANA was a CHANDAL—who were SHIVA followers. But, over a period of time the competition between SHAVITES and VAISHNAVITES has gone and both of them merged to create HINDUISM---which further gave birth to Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism.

Both of them had so well meshed into one another, today, that it laid the foundation of the basic two TENETS of TOLERANCE and PEACEFUL CO-EXISTENCE of Hinduism. Their merger gave rise to the concept of COLLECTIVE WISDOM and MULTIPLICITY of GODS---so as to give freedom of choice in religious matters. They had merged so well that each lost its individual identity. The emergence of HINDUISM, around 530 AD, did exactly the same to INDIA what GLOBALISATION was doing to the WORLD, today. I may add here that the emerging “INDIANISM or INDIANESS” of today, might have the finer characteristics of al prevailing major religions in India, as did HINDUISM in the 6th Century AD. Geography and climatic environments do play their part in shaping the course of history as for as traditions, customs and lingual peculiarities are concerned. The point is we have to study our history in unison with ORAL TRADITIONS, ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCES and AVAILABLE WRITTEN RECORDS.

The excavations of the archaeological sites and historical monuments do not tell the true tale of our HISTORY unless we take into account the folklores, food habits, dresses, traditions, customs and lingual dialects. All this make oral history besides some written accounts. Purely basing your judgment on the artifacts discovered gives out only a disconnected and disconcerted story. Most of the ancient Indian History has been interpreted on the bases of potteries and metal works and ‘periods’ have been assigned by a process of elimination. This is amongst the reasons that after the excavations at HARAPPA—the ancient history has fallen prey to the reasoning and argument whether HARAPPA was PRE-VEDIC / ARYAN or POST VEDIC. Equally ironical is the fact that it has been dubbed as INDUS VALLEY CIVILISATION—whereas it might be SAPTA SINDHU or NAGA CIVILISATION.

Who were Aryans? I agree with ROMILLA THAPAR on their LINGUAL IDENTITY. I am not going to indulge in the debate whether they were indigenous or from outside. Before I go further, let me ask you some pertinent questions. Who are the ENGLISH SPEAKING people of modern India? Are they ethnically one? Are they fair complexioned or dark complexioned? “What silly questions”, some of you would say? Yes, they are very very silly and stupid questions. Frankly speaking, they are as stupid as has been the case of the ARYANS identity with some superior ethnicity or VEDIC KNOWLEDGE. How did English language come to India? It was not of Indian origin. Today, a major chunk of URBAN India, reads, writes and may be, speaks English. It does not make them ethnically one. Linguistic uniformity does not represent ethnic connectivity. Same is true of ARYANS. It only speaks of their Lingual affinity and not of racial. I would say same of the word, “DRAVID”.

Let me emphatically state that there were no ETHNIC identities of the words ‘ARYANS’ or ‘VEDIC’ and ‘DRAVID’. The DRAVIDS do not have even the lingual similarity. They might include ‘EARLY ARYANS’, ‘NAGAS’ and various nomadic tribes who lived in the forests of a region EAST of ‘SARASWATI-SINDHU’ basin. As I have stated above, ‘DRAVID ‘was a word concocted by SANSKRIT speaking ARYANS to represent NON-SANSKRIT SPEAKING people. It had the similar connotation as the ENGLISH SPEAKING PEOPLE of today have towards NON-ENGLISH SPEAKING native PEOPLE. It had some derogatory and disrespectful implications—like CRUDE, BARBARIAN or an uneducated person might be referred to. I will come back to it a little later.

‘Aryan’ is a word used for people who spoke probably, a crude dialect of a language now recognized as SANSKRIT. They were the people who branched off from a tribe which migrated to ancient PERSIA from steppes of Central Asia. ‘Crude Sanskrit had many similarities with ancient Persian language AVESTAN. SANSKRIT was reformed and perfected around FIRST CENTURY AD by PANINI---“SAMAST KRIT---meaning PERFECTED”. It is after this that dissimilarities might have cropped up in the two languages. Modern day IRAN (ancient PERSIA) derives its name from the word ARIANA. It was in the 19th Century and early 20th Century that the word was glamorized, by GERMAN SCHOLARS who, too, claimed to be descendants of the same tribe. It was thus accorded an ethnic supremacy—which was exploited by HITLER to discredit Jews and other European people.

When ‘Harappa’ and ‘Mohan Jodaro’, both in Pakistan, were excavated around early 20th Century, a myth was woven around the supremacy of ‘Aryans and Vedic’ people, based on the architectural greatness of these two towns. In the absence of any available written historical records, it was assumed that crude and brute people of India could not have such an advanced civilization in the past. No attempt was made to seek a connection with ORAL HISTORY of the land. Thus a theory of ARYAN INVASION and CONQUER of INDIA was forwarded and accorded legitimacy. Thus was created a myth of VEDIC PEOPLE and INDUS VALLEY CIVILISATION. To this, confusion was added by some INDIAN SCHOLARS who claimed INDIA as the origin of VEDIC or the ARYAN PEOPLE. Both were eccentrically wrong.

The word VEDIC or VEDAS has it roots in a SANSKRIT word ‘VID’, which means knowledge and education, as explained previously. Thus, the VEDAS do contain KNOWLEDGE but it PRE-EXISTED the arrival of ARYANS. The four VEDAS have their amplifications given in BRAHMANAS, PURANS, UPNISHADAS and ARYANIKAS. This knowledge belonged to people who lived in the region called SAPTA SINDHU and ALP-GANHSTHAN (AFGHANISTAN). They were neither ARYANS nor DRAVIDS—they were SAIVITES—or the followers of Lord SHIVA or what I would say “NAGA PEOPLE”. Mythology tells us that NAGAS owe their origin to RISHI (SAINT) KASHYAP. These RISHIS used to live in the forests with their families---the ARYANAKAS are the explanatory notes by them on various forms of VEDIC LITERATURE. Rishi KASHYAP or KASHPYO in GREEK is reported to have given his name to CASPIAN SEA and KASHMIR. There are different mythological stories to be told but at some other times. Here, suffice to say the descendants of KASHYAP still exist as a CASTE amongst Hindus. They claim themselves as KASHYAP RAJPUTS but worked as WATER BEARERS or PLANQUIN BEARERS in the good old days.

The Naga civilization was spread from modern day Afghanistan to East up to Assam and Kashmir in the North to Karnataka in the South. They generally lived along the water bodies such as lakes and rivers, that is why also called ‘WATER PEOPLE’. Bulk of the civilization was around rivers SARASWATI -SINDHU and their tributaries. Ninety percent of the HARAPPAN sites are located in this region. These people had trade links with the west right up to Greece, Mesopotemia and River Oxus or AAMU River.

They had their own script---closer to BRAHMI or PRAKRITI which resembles more with Indo-Dravidian or Tamil or South Indian Language. Some 434 characters have been identified. It needs to be deciphered. Efforts are on to do so. The seals recovered at Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro tell the tale of family histories. Most prominent one is of a UNICORN BULL—not a known animal species these days. I will come back with some detailed interpretations of these seals.

PART TWO


In Part One, I had stated that VEDIC KNOWLEDGE in India pre-existed the arrival of so- called ARYANS. I had also gone on to say that the MYTH of ARYA, as a race, was created by Europeans or more particularly the GERMANS, who were looking for a racial supremacy. Therefore, when in the early twenties of the last Century, such magnificent archaeological sites as HARAPPA and MOHANJO-DARO were excavated, they were immediately linked to something superior which had imported itself from outside to the Indian mainland. People, like MAXMULELLER and MORTIMER WHEELER, could not believe that ancient INDIA could have had created such ARCHITECTURAL WONDERS IN URBAN DWELLING. Western Scholars, trained and educated on the biblical beliefs that the universe was created only around 23 October 4100BC, could not think of the world existing prior to this. In time and space,they reduced everything to within 2000BC and originating from Central Asia. Thus, based on the flimsiest of grounds, the theory of ARYAN INVASION and CONQUER was floated when a mount of dead bodies was found at MOHANJO-DARO. It was assumed that they might have been slaughtered by the SUPERIOR ARYANS. This myth led to the emergence of a SUPER MYTH on the supremacy and superiroity of a great ARYAN & VEDIC KNOWLEDGE, imported from outside. New archaeological excavations and the interpretation of the ORAL HISTORY reveal that the MYTH and the SUPER MYTH, both, were a cruel joke on the ANCIENT GREATNESS of INDIA.

I have already highlighted in Part One that ARYANS were only a lingual fraternity of SANSKRIT speaking people, who probably used it as a title to add honour and dignity to self. They did not belong to one particular race as is true of ENGLISH SPEAKING PEOPLE of today. Also, it would be pertinent to note that they did not come as a one big migration or invading hordes but as a trickle and gradually their numbers multiplied. Who can deny that SILICON VALLEY in CALIFORNIA, USA was bursting at seams today with growing population of INDIANS and ASIANS? What would you say, 500 or 1000 years hence, if the demographic shift takes place in their favor----and you have more of HINDI, Chinese or TAMIL speaking people there? I suspect something of this nature happened in ancient India in the late HARAPPAN period around 2800-1900 BC. The people speaking crude- sanskritic- dialect came as TRADERS from Central Asia and began settling down. It is a different matter that after coming to the LAND OF SAPTASINDHU they might have contributed towards the further development of the existing VEDIC KNOWLEDGE.

By the way, we call this knowledge "VEDIC" for ease of understanding and also because it was SANSKRITISED by the Sanskrit speaking people who were enamored by its greatness and depth. More ever, the main fact is that the PICTORIAL SCRIPT of the INDIGENOUS INDIANS, like the HARAPPAN SCRIPT, was too difficult for the general public to understand. Sanskrit language had become to ancient INDIANS what English language is to modern India. I would also like to emphasize here THAT THE REAL, ACTUAL AND INTELLIGBLE DEVELOPMENT OF SANSKRIT TOOK PLACE ONLY IN THE ‘SAPTA SINDHU REGION’. It was perfected by PANINI in the first Century AD and he created a GRAMMAR for it. Prior to this, SANSKRIT was the poor sister of AVESTAN ZENDA of ancient Persians. It was crude and without a proper script. Before PANINI perfected the script and the grammar, there was a tradition of ORAL TRANSFER OF KNOWLEDGE from one generation to another generation. GURUKUL SCHOOLS excelled in this.

It has now been established that origins of Indian civilization go back to the end of last ICE AGE, which geology tells us was around 10,000 years back. The SARASVATI River in the post 'ICE-AGE' era, and the main site of URBAN RUINS in ancient INDIA, say around 80 percent of the excavated sites, is well documented in the VEDIC LITERATURE. Old Rig Vedic litereature talks about the river from the "MOUNTAINS TO THE SEA". This phase is primarily between 5000BC to 8000BC. There is a general belief that a seismic upheaval around 4500 BC diverted its two main tributaries, YAMUNA and SATLUJ towards their current courses. This river, which was generally 6-8 KMs wide, at times up to 14 KMs, was very deep with a fast flowing current. It is assumed that between 3000BC and 1900BC, the river was gradually dying and drying. After another upheaval around 3000BC, the river used to disappear in a place called VINASHNA in the deserts of Rajasthan, where a series of lake formed themselves. The water level having further reduced, the river began to dry up and it is estimated it ceased to flow around 1900BC. RIG VEDA, HAS ITS MENTION SOME 60 TIMES WHILE THE GANGES IS ONLY ONCE. The cessation of the river SARASWATI (1900BC) corresponds with the decline of the HARAPPAN CIVILISATION. It was the drying up of the River SARASWATI that caused the ababndonment of HARAPPAN CITIES and not any invasion by some SUPER RACE. It was these ECOLOGICAL changes that led to the fall of Harappan Civilisation.

Most Western historians and some Indians too, say that RAMAYANA STORY was enacted around 1900-1500BC, that is post-SARASWATI period. Based on the same analogy, they assign MAHABHARTA the date of around 1000BC. I find major lacunae with these theories. It is that they do not take into account VEDIC RISHIS or seers such as VASHISHTA , JAGDAMBI and VISHAVMITRA, who are the creators of RIG VEDAS. So, how can these RISHIS be post SARASVATI?
This river has now been identified, through satellite imagery, as a PALAEO channel, running now along the dry channel of River GHAGHAR of Haryana –Rajasthan in India and River HAKRA in SINDH, Pakistan. It allegedly started from HAR KI DOON in UTTARANCHAL and flowed, along with its tributaries DRISHTAVADI, YAMUNA, SATLUJ etc, through KURUKSHETRA, PAHEWA, SHATRANA, SIRSA, KALBANGAN, SURATGARH (all in India) HAKRA and LOTHAL in Pakistan. Major archaeological sites have been found along this channel of the mythological river. This falsifies the super myth of INDUS VALLEY CIVILISATION. It is now referred to as SARASVATI VALLEY CIVILISATION.

'Sarasvati River' has been the cradle of ancient Indian civilization. It was the FOUNTAIN HEAD of the SAPTA-SINDHU REGION. It must be noted that there was nothing 'ARYAN' or 'DRAVIDA' about this civilization. In the words of Dr. DAVID FRAWLEY and Dr. NAVRATNA S RAJARAM in their book, “HIDDEN HORIZONS”, the concepts of ARYANS and DRAVIDA races have no scientific and archaeological basis. To quote them: “ ------------The late ancient Aryan and Dravidians migrations, postulated to have taken place c.1500BCE (3500Before Present), into India from Central Asia of WESTERN Linguistic theories, occur too late, after populations and cultures were already formed, to result in the great changes attributed to them. Besides, no records of such proposed invasions or migrations have yet been found. Archaeology, literature, and science, including genetics, all contradict it. ----------------------------”

To put it simply, ARYANS were SANSKRIT SPEAKING people and DRAVIDIANS were non-SANSKRIT SPEAKING people. This was initially when crude Sanskrit was spoken before it was developed by PANINI. The word DRAVIDA is found first time in written form in a SIXTH CENTURY SANSKRIT TEXT, called TANTRIKAVARTIKA by KUMARILA BHATTA , to describe people who were inferior or lacking in knowledge and who spoke unintelligible language. This was the time, when, after the decline of BUDDHISM and emergence of GUPTA EMPIRE, HINDUISM had been given RELIGIOUS CONNOTATION with the confluence of SHAIVISM and VAISHNAVISM. This was also the time when the movement for the revival of SANATAN DHARMA would begin.

However, the word ‘DRAVIDA’ came into extensive modern use in the last half of the 19th Century when a BRITISH AUTHOR, Robert Caldwell, picked up the word from this SANSKRIT TEXT to describe the people of SOUTH INDIA—as they thought all SOUTH INDIANS speak TAMIL or DAMILA or DRAMILA. Thus, such a simplistic identification of the people is an example how SANSKRIT SPEAKING PEOPLE would have disfigured the originality of the NON-SANSKRITIC KNOWLEDGE. Actually, the idea of DRAVIDA created the myth of their migrations prior to ARYANS from Central Asia. The man behind this was CALDWELL, who regarded them as SCYTHIANS people because of some affinities between DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGES and CENTRAL ASIAN LANGUAGES.

Ancient India had movement of people from North to South and vice versa more freely. This is evident as you read the the immediate period in the aftermath of last ICE AGE. Peninsular India was the place where humans lived and cultivated. It is only when glacier melting raised the sea levels that people moved north into plain vacant areas, along the water bodies.Thus, through this Northward migration of peoples & cultures from South India, at the end of 'Ice Age', that the SARASVATI RIVER CIVILISATION WAS CREATED around 8000 BC—which was primarily NAGA CIVILISATION. But this Civilization had the best of both the regions i.e. North and South. As oral history tells us that the greatest of Rig Vedic Rishi, VASHISHTHA was the younger brother of AGASTYA –who is considered a great dominant seer in South India and Tamil Nadu It is also known that seer AGASTYA has supposedly composed 25 hymns for RIG VEDA..It establishes the fact that proto-Vedic and proto-Tamil cultures were closely related. It is further important to note that people from south like TURVASHAS and the YADUS are also mentioned in RIG VEDA as are PURUS of North India.

Anthropologists, Archaeologists and historians have now veered round to the view that the populations in the late ICE AGE were centered in the coastal areas and not along the rivers. In fact these populations preceded the river civilizations some thousands of years. Surprisingly, the historians and anthropologists have found that these sites were located not in CENTRAL ASIA, EURASIA or Europe but in the COASTAL REGIONS OF PENINSULAR INDIA or particularly now submerged LAND MASS of “SUNDA LAND”—also called GREATER INDIA. It is said that agriculture was first started in this region and when the temperatures rose at the end of Ice age, water level rose about 400 feet, submerging most of SUNDALAND—which had included whole of present day South Asia including Thailand, Myanmar and land up to INDONESIA, ANDEMAN & NICOBAR, SRILANKA etc, the people migrated to North West Region which became SARASVATI RIVER basin. Thus, began the saga of river civilizations.

HARAPPAN seals tell the story of this MUTATION of KNOWLEDGE. I would like to draw your attention to seals depicting YOGIC POSTURES—such as MULBANDHAASANA of YOGA on a seal. It is by a three headed deity who is also called PASHUPATINATH or Lord Shiva. I have said in my earlier write-up that NAGAS WERE followers of Lord SHIVA. Take another seal of SWASTIKA or SVASTI-KA meaning maker of welfare. These seals have been extensively found in Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. There is a seal with five SVASTI-SIGNS—which finds mention in Rig Veda and ‘Yajur Veda’. Again, the UNI-CORN or one horned animal seal found extensively in all the archaeological sites. It could be a boar. In Mahabharata it is described as ‘one horned’ or “EK-SHRINGA” This VARAH or BOAR seal has references in Rig Veda, ‘Yajur Veda’ and Mahabharata. Again, there are several seals as well as terra-cotta figurines demonstrating various YOGIC POSTURES. They are available on the WIKIPEDIA article on HARAPPAN SEALS. All this goes to show that HARAPPAN had this knowledge prior to the coming of so-called ARYANS. There is an artifact discovered which can be interpreted as OM sign. It is ‘bow-shaped’ with ashavattha tree leaves adorning it. I conclude from all this that VEDIC KNOWLEDGE was available to HARAPPAN people who dominated the SARASWATI –SINDHU region and who had migrated to this region from the COASTAL AREAS at the end of last ICE AGE.

Now the question arises who were HARAPPANS? Were they ARYANS or DRAVIDIANS? My answer is BIG NO. Ancient history, tradition, anthropology, literature, archaeology knows none as ARYANS and DRAVIDIANS. At best ARYA was a title used by aristocratic and educated people who spoke PERFECTED SANSKRIT—a language of the elite. I would rather say the crude language was used by the traders and adopted by ancient INDIAN SCHOLARS to replace the unscientific and difficult pictorial language of SARASVATI region. Today AMERICANISED English has overshadowed the Queen’s English. So must have been the case of INDIANISED SANSKRIT- which could have overshadowed AVESTAN ZENDA or CRUDE SANSKRIT.

‘Dravidian’ was a myth created by a SANSKRIT scholar to identify NON-SANSKRIT SPEAKING people as a derogatory reference. It later was used by BRITISH scholars to describe people of PENINSULAR INDIA. Some Sanskrit texts referred to five DRAVIDAS—or PANCH DRAVIDAS i.e. GUJRAT, MAHARASHTRA, KARNATKA, TAMIL and TELGU. It was basically to describe five regions of peninsular India. Neither ARYANS nor DRAVIDAS were a race to acquire that unique status. I would further like to reiterate that SANSKRIT, in crudest form, came to INDIA as a language of the TRADERS from the Central Asia and Iran as did English. It is known now that HARAPPAN had trade links with Egyptians, Sumerians and Iranians. It was reformed and developed in India and then utilized to transpose the KNOWLEDGE from PICTORIAL SCRIPTS to its improved version. So, who were HARAPPANS?

As a simple answer I would like to say they were ‘ancient Indians’—who had migrated from the coastal regions to SAPTA SINDHU REGION at the end of last ICE AGE, when bulk of SUNDA LAND or THE GREATER INDIA was submerged into the rising ocean. They were agriculturalists and URBAN DWELLERS who lived along the water bodies such as lakes and rivers. They knew the importance of water as they had developed agriculture in the coastal areas. Discovery of an urban city in the ‘bay of cam bay ‘ or “KHAMBHAT BAY” off the coast of Gujarat testifies this theory. Carbon dating suggests that city was submerged around 7500BC. This is around the time ICE AGE came to an end. Similar discoveries are being reported from near Chennai. And they were the ancient INDIANS. Let us not talk of color and complexion. Climate, weather and geographic features play their part. American speaks their English through nasal sounds whereas English men speak differently. The geography does have its impact on your speech.

I firmly believe that people of SARASVATI-INDUS region were the carrier of VEDIC KNOWLEDGE as NAGA PEOPLE. They were followers of LORD SHIVA—who had the entire region mapped by his temples. His followers believed in drinking SOMARAS, an intoxicant, and relished non-vegetarian dishes. They believed living happily in the present. EAT, DRINK, and be MERY was their basic philosophy of life. Natural upheavals between 4500 BC to 2000BC led to their cities being devastated. It is during this period that trading jamborees of people from WEST began to settle in the region where vacuum was created by the migration EAST and SOUTH of the NAGAS. Even Ramayana mentions that Lord RAVNA was worshipper of LORD SHIVA---he is alleged to have offered his head in YAGNA to lord SHIVA one thousand times. It is also truism that RAVNA was a most LEARNED KING—he was known to have the knowledge of FOUR VEDAS. At the time of his death, Lord RAMA and LAXMAN go to RAVNA to get the final Lesson of life. And what did he tell them: “NEVER BE HAUGHTY”. I reckon Ravna was a NAGA KING.BALMIKI, who wrote Ramayana was a CHANDAL—a NAGA. Mythology talks about them as DANAVS or DASYUS, DAITYAS, RAKSHASHAS etc. This is the time when NAGAS had withdrawn from SARASVATI region to down south and East and they had established their own kingdoms. Perhaps geography, weather and climate affected their color and complexion.

‘Mahabharata’ too, makes a mention of these NAGAS in a most derogatory sense—when it paints them as demons or dangerous people. There are three stories in Mahabharata about them. One is lord Krishna, as a child, overpowering a KALIYA NAAG on the banks of River Yamuna near Mathura. He has been depicted as half human and half snake. I am sure he must be some NAGA chieftain who lived near the river. Then there is a mention of ARJUNA marrying a NAGA girl ULUPI in MANIPUR during ‘Pandav’s’ 14 year exile who gave birth to his son. She ought to be a human if ARJUNA married her and got a son through her. Then we come to the famous YAGNA by JANAMAJAY, grand son of ARJUNA, who in his zeal to revenge his father’s killing by a NAGA Prince, TAKSHAK, took a vow to eliminate NAGA race from the earth. He systematically carried out ETHNIC CLEANSING—like what happened in KASHMIR some years back when Kashmiri Pundits (KPs) were made to vacate the valley. He went on to ravage the beautiful city of TAXILA—in Pakistan. This is the only instance I find of ARYAN butchery of the HARAPPAN people. Ethnic Cleansing has historical precedence in Indian Context.

So, who were Nagas? I think it needs to take into account historical, archaeological, anthropological and mythological tales to form an opinion. It would be better if I do it separately in another blog. But for the time being I would say that they were the people who founded the Harappan civilisation. All the vedic knowledge belonged to them.They disappeared, as all fully developed civilisations do because of their own lethargy,laziness and luxurious life sparked by overwhelming wealth and knowledge. When it happens, the civilisation ceases to grow and others come and grow over them. This is the only historical truth of human transition from one 'Time Period' to another. This time period might not be visible immediately but when you read the past history the layered structure of its anatomy is visible. This is what President BH Obama of USA , has been telling the Americans. However he might not know that demography of Sillicon valley is irreversible. The 'land of plenty' induced laziness might push USA and alongwith it Western Civilisation into dustbin of history, as did all affluent civilisations while at the zenith of their development. Sometimes later on Harappan civilisation!
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DEALING WITH KAYANI's PAKISTAN--HOW?

------Briefing foreign newsmen on February 3, 2010, in Rawalpindi, General Ashfaq Pervez Kayani, Chief of Staff of Pakistan Army, stated that in the "Strategic Paradigm" of Pakistan, India remained a natural long term threat (read enemy). There you are, then! What military in Pakistan thinks of India, Pakistan thinks. There should be no doubts that Pakistan military was the real bulwark of power and authority in Pakistan. Those who think otherwise live in a fool’s paradise. Politicians in Pakistan dance to military's tunes. And if a chief of Pakistan army says that India was an ‘all time’ enemy of Pakistan, so be it. Dismiss all notions of normalization of relations, harmony and ‘Aman ki Asha’ (Hope for Peace). What purpose would talks serve if such are the perceptions of people who rule Pakistan?
------Ashley J. Tellis, senior associate with Carnegie Endowment for international peace, in his testimony to United States House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs, had expressed similar sentiments when he told the committee on March 11, 2010, that impediments to a lasting peace in South Asia had not emanated from New Delhi but they were incubated in Islamabad or precisely in Rawalpindi (General HQ of Pakistan Army). He had clearly concluded that as long as the Pakistani Army and her security establishment had held a view, where-in their private interests, which had been contrived upon and conceived as national interests, were undermined by a permanent reconciliation between India and Pakistan, they would not rid themselves of the terrorist groups they had begotten and which served their purposes—irrespective of what New Delhi or Kabul or Washington might have desired.
---------It is in this context one ought to see the press briefings of February 2010 of General Kayani. In fact, a US based, South Asian security expert, Mr. Arif Rafiq, has named it as ‘Kayani Doctrine’. He has highlighted that in addition to dubbing India as enemy for all seasons, Kayani had advocated Afghanistan as Pakistan’s unquestioned area of influence, where it sought 'strategic depth'. Arif makes a very interesting point on India's isolation on Afghanistan issue in the international forums. He goes on to observe that the Pakistan Army’s behavior since 9/11 and India’s isolation from the two conferences on Afghanistan in Istanbul and London, had demonstrated that Rawalpindi, at the very least, had a veto power on the key decisions regarding Afghanistan’s future. According to him, Pakistan was not simply a nuisance or basket case, but a regional power that has the capability to leverage a superpower’s dependency on it and check the regional growth of India, a rival, neighbor, and potential superpower.
---------Right from the days of Pakistan’s inception, its military has not been comfortable with gigantic India as her eastern neighbor. In order to match this giant, Pakistan military has been pushing Pakistan into the ‘laps and traps’ of countries who use her for own selfish motives. In her overdrive for anti-India agenda, Pakistan loses sight of her genuine interests. Animosity against India is so much that it always blames India for all her tragedies, from creation of Bangla Desh in 1971 to the monstrous rise of TTP (Tehrik-E- Taliban of Pakistan) in 2009-10. Given to the military establishment of Pakistan, India must cease to exist for Pakistan to survive. This is what General Kayani, the present Chief of Pak army, is contemplating about.
--------He has set up a team of retired and serving army officers, under the banner of ‘Karachi Project’ to bleed India through his ‘strategic asset’ of ‘irregular soldiers’ called ‘Good Taliban’. And should India dare to overwhelm Pakistan with her conventional superiority, blackmail her with threats of ‘first nuclear strike’ by seeking shelter in her so called ‘strategic depth’.
--------Fears are also being expressed in strategic think tank circles in USA that Pakistan army might provide, clandestinely some low yield nuclear devices to terrorist organizations to bleed India profusely. It is immaterial whether India would be cowed down or not. May be India might react strongly because it possesses ‘second strike capability’. It has been disclosed by former President of USA, Mr. Bill Clinton, in his autobiography that in the 2001 military face -off with Pakistan, India had, at one stage, taken the decision to face ‘first nuclear strike’ by Pakistan and respond with her ‘second strike’ to engulf South Asia into a ‘nuclear mayhem’. Indian calculation was that the ‘first nuclear strike’ by Pakistan might destroy 50% India but ‘second strike’ of India would virtually wipe out Pakistan from the world’s map, with attendant consequences for other nations of the region.
----------Pakistan’s military knows this and that’s why it is looking for some semblance of survivability to protect its military and other assets from Indian countervailing nuclear attack. The nuclear blackmail of India is part of Pakistan’s military strategy to stop India from launching a sudden and a full-fledged war on Pakistan, with the explicit aim of destroying the training camps of so- called ‘strategic assets’ of Pakistan in POK. These ‘assets’ were not only bleeding India profusely but also they were undermining India’s unity and integrity. How long India can ignore this is subject to India’s ‘limit of tolerance’. Pakistan military knows that one day India might cross the threshold of ‘tolerance’ and be prepared to accept nuclear damage. Indian geography gives her this advantage to adequately survive Pakistan’s nuclear strike and then launch her own counter strike.


------There-in lies the logic of ‘strategic depth’ for Pakistan’s military in
Afghanistan.In other words, Pakistan’s military is prepared to not only make first use
of nuclear weapons but also use the leverage of ‘strategic depth’ to counter India’s
second strike-capability by acquiring a theoretical capability to launch a ‘third strike’.
The Kayani Doctrine flirts with such dangerous notions. And people talk of ‘Aman Ki
Asha’(Hope for peace)!

-------As long as Pakistan army and her Generals dominate Pakistan, there can be
no use of any talks, agreements, pacts and treaties with Pakistan. They have no
sanctity in Pakistan whether it was UN Resolution of 13 August 1948; Delhi Pact of
1950; Tashkent Declaration of January 1966; Shimla Agreement of July 1972 or

even Lahore Declaration of February 1999. If these pacts and agreements had been

implemented in full earnest, the history of South Asia would have been different.

What the sincerity of ‘talks’ desire, it might not be the ultimate product of laborious

efforts. Pakistan has always been an untrustworthy neighbor because of her army.

And Pak-army’s interests make Pakistan’s national interests. The condition is not

likely to change in the perceivable future, too.

-------------Let us see some key points of Kayani Doctrine:-

Central Theme.--In the perceptions of Pakistan military, India remains a greatest threat to the idea of Pakistan. It is a perceived conclusion of Pakistan military that it was mutually exclusive for the two nations to exist together. India must become a lost civilization of history for Pakistan to survive as a nation.
WOM (War by Other Means)-Alternative to Conventional Conflict at low Cost. Militarily Pakistan is no match to India in a conventional conflict. This had been realized by Pakistan army after having had fought three wars with India without any visible dividends. In fact, direct wars have only heaved insults and humiliation upon Pakistan army . Bangla Desh war in 1971 brought this lesson home. In order to offset this advantage, it was contrived upon that India must be engaged in an ‘unconventional military conflict’ to make her attrite and bleed internally. ‘Zarb-E-Momin’(Strike of the Pure), a biggest military exercise to date conducted by Pakistan Army in 1988 had concluded that Pakistan must adopt an aggressive posture and take the war into “enemy” territory. Conventional military strength disallows Pakistan to do so. But there are other means available to put into practice this theory. Herein lies the significance of conducting ‘War by Other Means’ (WOM). This implies:-
Fighting a low cost war on ‘enemy’ territory by using militants/ terrorists or the ‘irregular soldiers’, also called ‘strategic asset’ in the shape of ‘good Taliban’.
Exploiting internal vulnerabilities of India by supporting and fueling internal insurgencies, such as Maoists/Naxalite movement in Central, Eastern and Southern India, ULFA militancy in Assam, Nagaland separatist movement, backing Kashmir militants, so on and so forth.
Ally with China as a counterweight for India’s threatening postures as a response to militant activities.
Use of Nuclear Threat-To checkmate the Indian conventional military juggernaut, the use or the threat of use of nuclear weapons is the only answer. It has been proved effective during the Kargil-99 confrontation and also during military face-off during 2001-02. It therefore has no inhibitions to afflict intolerable damage to ‘Hindu India’ by using WMD. Use of nuclear weapons by Pakistan is not only a threat but a key feature of its defence against conventional superiority of India. The bottom line for the use of nuclear weapons could be, probably the loss of key cities along the line extending from ‘Lahore’ in the North to ‘Karachi’ in the South in a conventional conflict.
Chinks in the Nuclear ‘First Use Theory’.-There are fundamental problem areas:-
What should be the objective of ‘first use’? Can India be crippled enough to disallow her the second strike capability?
What, if India launches her countervail strike? Will Pakistan survive Indian counter strike?
What must Pakistan do to counter balance India’s second strike capability?
Creation of ‘Strategic Depth’-The answers to the questions asked above lie in the creation of ‘geographical depth’ in Afghanistan so as to not only protect the core leadership and nuclear weapons but to create a capability to launch a ‘third strike’ against India. This is why Kayani has been desperate to seek control of Afghanistan through a pliable regime. The ouster of India from Afghanistan gives her the main advantage of protecting the core of politico-military leadership in a nuclear exchange, whether it was initiated accidentally or as part of a deliberate escalation.
Inflicting a ‘la-Soviet’ on India. There is no doubt that Pakistan provides moral and material support to militants of J&K and Punjab. ISI has not only set up training camps for them and provided sanctuaries to their leaders but also extended financial aid to them. Pakistan military has also created a ‘strategic asset’ in the form of ‘good Taliban’, so as to widen the scope and capacity of WOM on India. All this is aimed at pinning down India militarily and curtail its conventional military- strength- advantage in a conventional conflict, should India desire to venture into it. Further, in order to expand the scope of a low cost war against India, ISI of Pakistan has established links with Maoists, ULFA, Naga and Manipur insurgents, besides having links with Indian underworld to create communal and religious riots. The whole purpose is to set India on fire and tire out the Indian Army to make it totally stretched and ineffective. Once Indian army is weakened and tired out, it would be easy to deliver a death- blow to the Indian polity and dissolve it into 20-30 teeny- weeny blobs on the world map. Pakistan military, in collaboration with China, hopes to do a ‘la-Soviet Union’ on India.
Manipulate USA. This is the key point in this doctrine. To placate USA, the doctrine seeks to provide USA lollipops of ‘visible co-operation’ on her war on terror in Afghanistan by arresting and handing over some low level Al-Qaeda and Afghan Taliban functionaries. Along with it, the stories of death and existence of Osama Bin Laden are also fed to US intelligence to keep her interest alive in Pakistan and ignore Pakistan’s other acts of sponsoring terrorism in Kashmir and India. Pak military has successfully done this over the last few years. Her leverage with USA provides sanctity to her nefarious designs on India.
The recent upsurge in Maoists/ Naxalite activities in India are part of the unfolding Kayani doctrine. Pak military has realized that supporting militant activities in Kashmir could prove counter productive because Kashmir was now on the international radar screen. And any such act here magnifies Pakistan’s evil intentions against India. Therefore, slow-down of terrorist activities in Kashmir might be part of a bigger design of Kayani doctrine. It is no certificate for Pakistan’s good intentions of friendly relations with India. The leadership of India ought to understand this.
To counter such evil intended designs, India must first realize that any pact/agreement with Pakistan has no surety of implementation as long as Pakistan army holds the central position. Therefore, talks for the purpose of talks were all right but to bridge the ‘trust-deficit’ was a far fetched argument. It would never be allowed by the spin doctors of Kayani’s doctrine. India would never be trusted, come what may. To Pak military, to trust India is to write the obituary for Pakistan’s existence. It is a known irony of Pakistan’s history that personal interests of Pak Military’s Generals were the national interests of Pakistan. Where is there a scope for peace with India by confidence building measures? If at all it serves any purpose it is to surprise and shock India as it happened in the aftermath of Lahore Resolution in February 1999. While India was busy dreaming peace, Pak military was planning a coup-d-grace in Kargil. So, would it do now, if India is not guarded about the evil motives of Kayani Doctrine?
It is time India pay attention to its internal security more vigorously. It is no more to be treated as law and order problem. Time has come when whole country ought to have a counter insurgency grid. The grid then be divided into sectors, sub-sectors and sub-sub sectors. A dedicated force be earmarked for each sub-sub sector. The activities of the grid be coordinated at national level through sectors and sub sectors. This is the only way to beef up our homeland security. Therefore we could coordinate all acts of counter Maoism/terrorism/ insurgency anywhere in India. The flow of intelligence would be unhindered. Depending upon situation, counter militancy forces could be switched from one sector to another with ease.
It is undoubtedly clear that to tackle such evil designs of the enemy, besides having a refurbished intelligence apparatus; we also need to have a specialized force to deal with well-trained militants/terrorists. Some of the infantry units of Indian army could make the nucleus of this force. With the nuclearised battlefield, the role of normal Infantry is drastically reduced. In order to fight ‘cross border wars’, as opposite of WOM, we need to have more of mechanized forces. Also, RMA (Revolutions in Military Affairs) has introduced the weapon systems in the combat zones with profound lethality, perfect accuracy and guidance, along with enhanced ranges. This demands all forces to possess an ability to rapidly concentrate and quickly disperse to avoid presenting a bigger target. In such a scenario, normal Infantry would be sitting duck. It is from this point of view, I assert that some percentage of normal Infantry could be diverted permanently for internal security.
In conclusion, I would only say that our leadership must not treat internal security lightly. A great Indian philosopher, Chanakya, had said that the maximum danger to a nation’s security stemmed from a threat, which emanated from inside but was aided and abetted from outside. We have such sure recipes in Maoists movement in over 240 districts of India, inflaming North East, troubled J&K and Punjab, along with rising influence of communal-bigots from Maharashtra, Gujarat to Karnatka. They are all under the evil influence of Kayani Doctrine. It is time for India and her leadership to get serious.
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NAGMA's BANGLES PART-TWO

Story So far:-

----You have read that ASGARI---had come to Balachaur(Indian Punjab--Hoshiarpur district) in June 1961---she had brought with her a gift for Rai Singh---'Bhagtani's'son.
----Ashgari had narrated the story of what happened in those gory months of Partition of Indian sub-continent----How human beings had become worse than animals.
----Now read what had happened to Nagma and her family. It is partly true and partly fiction---but mostly based on real facts. Names and characters are fictitious other than some historical names.
-----It is essential to give out a background information to the readers before continuing with Nagma's story. It would be interesting to note that the strange links would only emerge in Part Three.
----Part Three--Of the story would link you with the present times.

Backdrop of 1947




In the months of July-October 1947, administration everywhere in Punjab and Bengal had collapsed.Administrators and law enforcers were disappearing into thin air. Balachaur police station was abandoned,too, because all the policemen i.e. constables and others,being mostly Muslims, had deserted. Their places were not filled up. Surprisingly, no thought was given to such administrative needs by the British Government. No arrangements were made to prevent the lawlessness and violence which would follow such a hasty partition. Was it a deliberate act by the colonialists? The story was same everywhere. Chaos and disorder marked the British India of 1947. It seems Britain wanted lawlessness and Chaos---there is no other explanation.
Charge of the police station was taken over by some volunteer ex-servicemen of army. It was their own initiative to bring some orderliness in the area. But they had no authority to check the marauding mischief makers and violent gangs belonging to Hindu and Sikh Communities. All the same,they ensured that no riots took place in Balachaur and all the Muslim families were safe. The worst thing was that the villages around Balachaur were being filled with refugees from West Pakistan. They were seething with anger and sought revenge. It was the 'hold' of 'Ghodewaha Rajputs' in the region that there was no major cases of violence till August-September 1947. However, onrush of refugees had begun to change the equation. Sentiments began to rise high against Muslim community.
Partition of Indian subcontinent had taken place on August 15 , 1947. Punjab and Bengal were the two major provinces which bore the brunt. Lakhs of people were moving across the man-made boundaries. There was total chaos everywhere. For the common man,there was no administration worth its name, which was coordinating the transmigration of refugees across the RADCLIFFE line. It passed through houses and villages like a butcher's knife slaughters a goat. Men and women of Punjab across Radcliffe line, no matter of what religion, had become 'goats of sacrifice'. Britain had hurriedly drawn this line on the ground based on a proposal made by Field Marsha,l A P WAVEL on February 18, 1946.
The proposal was implemented by Lord Mountbatten, who joined as the last viceroy of India in March 1947. He was sent with a mission to create a future role in 'Jewel of the Crown' for the dying British Empire by way of some kind of British presence in the subcontinent. He was told that it could only be achieved if Hindu-Muslim divide is enhanced and partition of the subcontinent was immediately affected. This he did with magnificent finesse over the dead bodies of lakhs of innocent people. Ironically, Government of Punjab led by KHIZR HAYAT KHAN, the Chief Minister of Punjab, from the Unionist Party of Farmers and Landlords, was against this partition. But despite his good intentions, it could neither avert partition not it could avoid communal violence, which had acquired a monstrous proportions by July -August 1947.
It is in this context that one ought to appreciate the work of these retired ex-servicemen of Balachaur who voluntarily had manned police station and brought peace to make sure that no untoward incident had taken place in and around Balachaur. Unfortunately,the area around Balachaur had, however, become unsafe and villages of Muslims were attacked by Sikh and Hindu radicals who were baying for revenge for atrocities on their communities in West Punjab. Refugees from West Punjab were coming with gory tales and some of them had joined these killer gangs to seek revenge. Most of the Muslim families from neighboring areas, thus, moved to Balachaur, to be in the protection of voluntary force of 'self-styled policemen', of Balachaur.
These ex-servicemen, mostly retired 'Hindu Ghodewaha Rajputs', who had assumed command of police station, organized a transit camp in a military style, for these Muslim families in a mango orchard, near Baba Balraj's tomb. ( Area is now a complex mess of residential colonies). With continuous flow of affected families every day, the strength of the camp was steadily increasing. If fifty persons left the camp for their onward journey to Pakistan, then one hundred new persons came in. All the same, it was organized in an orderly manner and some sanity was restored by these volunteer ex-servicemen. Baba Balraj Temple Committee organized a free kitchen for these refugees.
Balachaur, then, was a small village of merely 3-400 families, mostly Rajputs but Jats, Sainis, Brahmins, Jains and some low caste Hindu families also existed along with low caste Muslims with their family vocations. It lay around 125 kms North West of Ambala.(Chandigarh had no existence, then). The village had no metalled road connecting it to district headquarters at Hoshiarpur. It was connected by two unmetalled roads to Hoshiarpur and Nawanshahar,some 20 Kms West of Balachaur. People mostly traveled on foot or bullock carts or the landlords had their own horses. To catch a train to go to distant places, people used to go to Rahon , some 20 Kms South West of Balachaur, or Nawanshahar.
The unique thing about Balachaur, then, was that along with villages-of Jadla-&-Samundra, it was the only other HINDU village of 'GHODE WAHA- KACHHWAHA RAJPUTS' North of River Satluj. This clan had some 720 villages, North and South of River Satluj, then. Over a period of time, all other RAJPUT villages around Balachaur, North of Satluj River, had converted to Islam, voluntarily or through coercion. The Rajputs of Balachaur did not convert due to 'BABA RAJ DEV', father of 'BABA BALRAJ'. Raj Dev had himself converted to Islam but got his sons exempted from the SUBEDAR of SIRHIND. Due to this, his youngest son, BALRAJ used to organise a CHHINJ (WRESTLING COMPETITION) in the village on the following day of DIWALI to commemorate the memory of his father. (The tomb of BABA RAJDEV--though it is called BALRAJ MANDIR----- in the village on the main Chandigarh-Hoshiarpur/Nawanshahar Road today, is a big temple and it is managed by Rajputs--its income is in lakhs on the CHHINJ DAY-----it is gets a lot of devotees on every Thursday, too)
Muslim GHODEWAHA Rajputs of villages around Balachaur were very big landlords, as were the Rajputs of Balachaur. They had good social relations. DIWALI
and ID used to be celebrated with equal enthusiasm. There were two bodies with one mind. Therefore, a conference was organized at Village Asron to discuss the fate of Ghodewaha Rajputs, belonging to Muslim community in June 1947. Hindu Rajput elders and leaders requested their Muslim brethren to stay on In India. The offer was also made to accept them back into their fold. But Rao Sahib, Major General Farman Ali's (Pakistan army)father declined the offer politely. He pointed out toward the religious-divide which had broken the centuries -old trust and confidence. He was very categorical to state that it would be unsafe to live in a country ruled by untrustworthy congressmen. However a resolution was passed to ensure that the Muslim Rajputs of the area would be protected by Hindu Rajputs volunteer force, led by ex-servicemen.
Therefore, though the minds had been divided yet the Muslim camp at Balachaur was well protected by the volunteer force of ex-servicemen Rajputs. They also used to daily escort columns of Muslim families to Nawanshahar for their onward journey to their PROMISED HOME LAND. The news of murder and mayhem all around used to be very very disturbing. The volunteer force was constrained for manpower and weapons.


-- With this back grounder,now further read the story of Nagma.

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One day in September 1947, Muslims of Balachaur also moved to the camp. This included Nooro and Sarbrati Bharai, too, who were the domestic servants of 'Bhagtani, mother of Rai singh. There, they found Rai Singh and Nagma. It is to be noted that Rai Singh had been missing from the home for almost 15-20 days prior to this. 'Bhagtan'i was very worried about him thinking that he might become a victim of ongoing riots. Sarbrati,then also learnt there that Rai Singh had converted to Islam and he was going to Pakistan along with Nagma's family.
Out of sheer loyalty to 'Bhagtani', the brother-sister duo, came out of the camp to inform Mrs Hakam Badan Singh, Rai Singh's mother, about the whereabouts of her son and his future plans. Their arrival was seen by one Rulia Ram, a distant brother-in-law of Bhagtani. He was a very tough young man. But he had suddenly developed hatred for Muslims because he had got the news of the killing of his wife and her family at Lahore. His wife had had gone to Lahore,to her parental place to bring out her parents from there. But she fell victim to partition riots in Lahore.
Rulia Ram, then, sought revenge by killing Muslims. He had joined joined a gang of . When he saw the two servants, he was not in control of himself and he came to kill them. 'Bhagtani' warned him not to do so. When he did not listen and insisted, 'Bhagtani' picked up her husband's sword and struck Rulia Ram's sword carrying arm, thereby badly wounding him. wounded and injured , he withdrew. 'Bhagtani' then escorted Sarbati Bharai and Nooro back to the transit camp, hoping to meet her son Rai Singh. But he did not come out of the camp.
Bhagtani came back and told Vijay Singh Sodhi,(Satpal Chhatankoo's father---master mind of MOHINI MANTRA) another respected man of the village and their neighbor. He went to the camp to convince Rai Singh to return to his mother. There, Rai Singh put forward the condition that he would come back if Noorudin's family was also allowed to come. But Vijay Singh Sodhi told him that such an assurance could not be given and it was silly of him to leave his mother like this. But it did not affect him. Next day, Noorudin and his family moved out in a column to Nawanshahar, for their further move to Pakistan via Jalandhar. Rai Singh was also in the party.
On September 24, 1947, Sardar Bakhtawar Singh, a Sikh priest and a gang leader of anti-Muslim organization came to Vijay Singh Sodhi. After the initial formalities, he asked if there was some grand son of Thakur Lehna Singh by the name of Rai Singh . Vijay Singh gave the affirmative reply and also abused Rai Singh for having deserted his widowed mother for a Muslim girl. Bakhtawar Singh, then said, " Thank God, good senses prevailed upon me and I did not kill the boy when he cried that he was a Hindu boy and a grand son of Thakur Lehna Singh. First, I did not believe him but on his repeated pleas,I have come to cross-check with you. He is wounded but safe".
Thus, Rai Singh came back home on September 25, 1947. He had a broken leg and a stab wound. It took three months to recover. He left singing and the music group, headed by him, was disbanded. In 1950, he married his immediate elder brother's Sister-in-law. He forgot about Nagma and her family. Only he had known as to what had happened to Nagma and her family. He never told anyone about this. In fact he refused to talk about his past.
Villagers came to know the real facts, when Ashgari came to the village in June1961 and she gave away the gift sent by Nagma. What was the mystery of bangles?

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JUNE 1961

Ashgari had heard Nagma's story direct from her . She had met her at her brother's shop when she came to know about her. Initially, when she learnt about Nagma from her brother, Rehmat ali, Ashgari wanted to meet her due to curiosity but after her first meeting, she again met her three /four times because of sympathy.
In order not to annoy the Rajput sensitivities of her women audience, she had said right at the outset, " Mainu nahi pata eh kahaani vich kinna jhooth te kinna sachch hai---main te oh hi dus rahi hai jo mainu Nagma ne dasya---baaki 'Rai singh' jaane" ( I don't know what are the proportions of truth and lies in this story-----I am narrating what has been fed to me by Nagma----rest Rai Singh would know it better.) She began Nagma-story.

September 1947

It was the last week of September 1947 ---date was not remembered by Nagma--may be 22 or 23 September 1947------ when Nagma's family moved out from the refugee camp at Balachaur. They were escorted by four retired army men---two had guns and two were with swords. The convoy had moved out on foot in the early hours of the morning. It was still dark, when they left. It was said that they would get army protection at Jalandhar cantonment. There were some 50-60 persons in the convoy--mostly women and children. There were some 20 male members who carried spears and swords for self -defense. Rai Singh was also part of this group. The convoy had left early morning.
As soon as the convoy reached the 'Khudd' (a dry stream) short of village GarhiKanugo, they were attacked by a mob of rioters carrying swords and rifles. It was not even 6 AM in the morning and they had barely covered some two kilometers from the camp. There was no trace of escort persons. They had just disappeared in the thin air. Male members of the column did try to fight but they were out- numbered.
Nagma asked Rai Singh to help her father who had over powered a Sikh but Rai Singh just ran away from there and Nagma followed him. At this precise moment, she saw two Sikhs slicing her father's neck with their sword. She had earlier seen her brothers being killed in cold blood while they begged for mercy. All male members were, thus, butchered. Women ran helter-skelter. Nagma's sisters were caught by the raiders. But she ran behind Rai Singh---who entered a sugarcane field. She followed him but did not find him.
After some time, Nagma saw Rai Singh talking to a hefty Sikh. She thought being a known landlord's son, probably, he had established his identity. She too came out to join them, thinking their life could be saved.The moment she came out of the field, she shouted for Rai singh. He looked back and pointed a finger towards her. The tall and hefty Sikh sent his men and brought her. She said to Rai Singh, " Tell them I am your wife" . But Rai Singh kept quiet. And hefty Sikh told his men, " Oye, Mundiyo, eh kehndi hai ki eh da viah hoya hai,------ Chalo , fir manao eh di bhi Suhaag Raat" (Hey boys, this woman says that she was married-------OK, then , let us make her enjoy her wedding night).
She kept crying but no mercy was shown nor Rai Singh intervened on her behalf. She begged and begged. But Rai Singh stood motionless. The hefty Sikh abused her, " Saali, Chudail, Eh Ghodewahayan de munde nuN fasa ke tu bach jawangi----Eh Nu Pakistan lajaaongi---chal tera Pakistan ta---ajj asin itthe hi banande haN (You bloody witch---you think you can escape our wrath by hooking a Gohdewaha rajput Boy. you want to take him to Pakistan. Right, we would make Pakistan out of you here, today).
She was taken to the fields, nearby. She saw some more women in that field and men mounted on them like hungry dogs. Her two elder sisters were also there. The scene was awful. Some women had been murdered while resisting. Their bodies lay there as one finds the cut-vegetables in a plate. There was some sort of a mass rape of captured women underway in that fields.
Some of the rapists spoke in a very funny dialect. Nagma noticed that it was not of local people. Ashgari told the her women audience that it was much later Nagma came to know that they could be from Multan--Jhang area of Pakistan---they were refugees who had come in the months of June-July 1947. They were now seeking revenge on Muslims for, what they had undergone while migrating. Human madness had reached its pinnacle.
As Ashgari was narrating this story, the gathering became emotional. Women were sobbing and crying. Even three young friends, Rajinder, Partap and Dilawar had tears in their eyes. Some one asked her about her own experience. She said that her family had faced similar situations at Jandiala Guru and Wagha border. Her family had migrated in early August 1947. Those were horrific experiences, she did not want to narrate. All the same, she did bring out the fact that she had not married till date.
When asked as to what had happened to Nagma thereafter. It was revealed by Ashgari that Nagma was taken as a 'keep' by one Surjan Singh (not the real name) of village Langroya, some five Kilometers East of Nawanshahar. In 1948, she gave birth to a daughter, Jaswant Kaur (not real name). In May 1950, she got an opportunity and ran away from the clutches of Surjan Singh. She came to Balachaur but was not accepted by Rai Singh and his mother. Rai Singh was already married. In fact,he informed the police and she was taken away.
She did not tell the police about her stay with Surjan Singh at Langroya. She was sent to a "Missing Women's Home" at Amritasar. In 195,1 she was repatriated to Pakistan, through the efforts of her cousin sister Mehraj, who was the surviving daughter of her 'khala' (maternal aunt or Massi). Mehraj had been trying to find news about her parents and sisters, who were lost in the partition. One day, in 1950, she found Nagma's name and particulars in the missing woman's list and Nagma was contacted.
Nagma stayed with her for some days in Hira Mandi of Lahore. Mehraj had worked at Shamima's Kotha as a Nautch girl. Nagma had also joined her. But soon Mehraj was arrested for murdering a client when he tried to act funny. She died in the prison in 1959.
What was the mystery of the bangles? According to Ashgari, they were of gold, some 4-5 seven to eight tolas (70-80 grams). Rai Singh had stolen them from his mother and had given it to Nagma as a 'present' in 1946. The blame for the theft was passed on to eldest daughter-in-law of 'Bhagtani'---who had just moved to Jabalpur along with her husband in October 1946. It is because of this her eldest daughter -in-law and Bhagtani did not like each other. The mystery could be solved in 1961. It was because of this Bhagtani was furious when she saw her own bangles.
Ashgari also informed the collected people that Nagma had married her brother Rehmat Ali in 1960. They have a son named Inayat Ali.
"What about Jaswant kaur?" some one asked. "Oh, Nagma had written letters to her, but there was no response." Asghari had informed them.
There after Asghari got up and walked away. She did not want to answer more questions. She left for Pakistan, the next day. She never came back after this. No one knows what happened to Nagma, till----------something happened in USA in 2009.

-----------To Be Continued in Part Three
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SAKIRA---WAKA--WAKA

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dzsuE5ugxf4&feature=channel

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yCQpNVVnSt8&feature=player_embedded
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O', DEAR WHEN YOU GROW UP !

O', my dear ‘Anaisha’, as soon as you were born-

With our shrieks of joy, hospital’s peace was torn;

I know as years go by and you begin to grow up,

Some queries in your mind would sure crop up:

As to whether your father was really excited?

Or, if your mother was gleefully delighted?

Did your grand-parents, say,"Welcome, dear"-

Or baby girl's arrival made them shed tears?



Let me assure that you were eagerly awaited-

Parents and grand-parents were highly elated;

But you surprised us by barging in without a clue-

Twenty six days in advance, before you were due;

In a sudden move, you had-your-mother in pain;

While doctors struggled, everyone was strained;

Tension gripped us all,till you breathed fresh air --

On the tenth day of June 2010, you were there.


You were born far away from the shores of your native land,

Now San Francisco would benefit from your pan-India brand;

I do feel your beauty would make waves in times to come,

Your disarming charms would make big and mighty numb;

As you attain glory and fame, your parents would, sure, grin-

No doubts, you would be the cynosure of all your kith and kin;

It is by you that your parents would now realize their dreams,

You would be their future, as they travel through life up-stream.


May god bless you and give you all what you desire in your life;

May you succeed in everything you do, without strain and strife!

We wish you attain, what none could do before you came to the earth,

We wish you to do what invariably becomes a symbol of human mirth;

Let you be the pillar of knowledge that supports the human diversity-

Let you be that beacon of light which guides everyone through adversity;

I,your maternal grandfather,wish you a life full of moments pristine,

May,Anaisha,develop the confidence to hold her own in uncertain times!


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SAMURAI FIGHTS BACK-3

I wrote a pun-intended poem, though they call it "Tukbandi' ,

Never did I think, imaginary names would create a shindy;

But now I feel, I might have accidentally unearthed a truth,

I can identify those 'five' , whose job is to spark conflicts.



Chiding and provoking is the name of the game,

Sure, this is masked people's passport to fame;

Jealousy and hypocisy is writ large on the face,

As lacking in creativity they can not enter the race.



" If I was in the wrong, you should have sent a note "--

I suggested to a blog-writer before I drew the sword;

I also wrote ," what is the difference between me and you"?

A commentator snaps, " Don't teach us what must we do"



Calling others 'loser' and 'coward' is not indecent,

But 'spanking woman's bottoms' seems pleasant;

A eunuch writes a tale full of pornographic details;

"it is humour, it is humour', his female cronies hail.



A religion is mocked at , this is decency at its best;

But words like 'samurai' seems dangerous pest,

Alas! I must say, there is only a minuscule segment,

Who muddies the water and nuisance they ferment.



Guilty minds often run amuck with their imagination,

In-built fears take them on the path to hallucinations:

They howl, wail and cry to seek their clan's attention-

'Mastermind' then throws to wind all her pretensions.



They gang up like gangsters and majority is scared,

They don't know, being 'born to battle', I just don't care;

They might have been able to silence the majority voice,

To me their game is crystal clear in their giggling noise.



I am not a coward, who would tolerate this nonsense,

Don't tell me 'Coward' & 'Cowardly act' have a difference;

I cajoled and also tried to end the matter by deleting you,

But you thought it was victory and chided me , "loser who"



I am not scared by this motley crowd you collected around,

I openly provoke you to say, "you were mentally unsound" ;

No, I am not going to the 'borders' till I finish the war here,

I dare you now to go to 'team sulekha' and show all the tears.
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INDIAN DEMOCRACY IS ONE BIG FARCE

The God of Indian Democracy sleeps peacefully at his Shantivan, while 1.15 billion people are tormented by ASHANTI unleashed by his brand of democracy






Yes, Indian democracy is a farce because it is by the corrupt, of the corrupt and for the corrupt. This democracy encourages chaos and confusion; lawlessness and disorder; favoritism and nepotism and what is worse is the fact that it was the mother of violence, riots and criminality. This democracy bears all the signposts of divisive India through her narrow-minded politicians, self-seeking bureaucrats and insincere law and order agencies, made nincompoop by Indian legal system. India of yore is well on the road to disaster because there was nothing known as governance and administration in this country. SAB KUCHH RAM BHAROSE HAI--- HEY RAM, BACHA LENA IS DESH KO .

The hitherto known 'god of moralities' , Mr MM Singh, is a lost philosopher, who isn't in control of his own wild dreams, running amuck for some personal recognition or award at the international level. This 'lost-in-dreams' , head of farcial Indian democracy ,is unconcerned when one of his ministers , Mr. Raja is accused of a biigest scam ever by a Central Goernment Minister. Instead , Mr. MM singh gives him a clean chit. Remember, this was the same Mr. MM Singh, who had accused his mentor and creator, Mr PV Narsimaharao of corruption , when the latter had bribed JMM MPs to save his government. His sing-song words, then, still resonate a melody in my ears. He had , then said, " Ceaser's wjife must be above board". I don't know what has happened to CEASR's WIFE now ? Or is it she has under gone a gender transformation?This is why I say the Indian democracy is a farce.

'Dantewada massacre takes place but there is a confusion in the Govt ranks on the likely course of action. A ruling party general secretary questions the government and her actions. But the PRIME MONITOR of UPA, the GODDESSof SACRIFICE, doesn't even sulk. The allies do the same. The result is: If the Government takes ONE STEP ahead, it is pulled back TEN steps by her allies and the constituents.

Take the case of Midnapore train accident. There is a lady who was just interested in politics in west bengal. To her the municipal elections are more important than the lives of some 145 people who die or were killed in this train accident. what does she say on this accident? Oh, she says, " it is a political controversy" you ask "what for". obviously her answer would be to make her lose municipal elections in west bengal. These are the priorities of our leaders---or are they leaders or dealers? sickening / how sickening these political wheelers dealers of Indian democracy could be.When some days back , there was a stampede on the Delhi Metro Railway station and two poor persons lost their lives, this lady minister did not even exporess her condolences for the dead. Aren't our political leaders morally bankrupt? do not forget the air accident at Mangalore. Some 158 people lost their lives and our GOD OF MORALITIES think such things were common and disallows the aviation minister from resigning. iwonder if the minister would have really resigned. it was actually a farcial gesture of a farcial system of governance.

In this democracy, rich are becoming richer, while poor become the terrorists and militants. In between is sandwiched a middle class who can only cry and crib because it is affected the maximum by this sham of a democracy. Here, an Ambani can become the 4th richest man in the world but a poor tribal youth can only become a 'goonda' of the jungles. There is a wide chasm between the two. While the two fight to seek control of the resources, the actual user or the consumer of the middle class is the sufferer. Democracy in our country is the cradle of violence and corruption on one hand and rise of the BOHEMIAN SHEKHS on the other.

There is no forward planning in this country. Look at the small tiny roads both in the cities and outside. They are all jampacked with big- big vehicles----all sort of vehicles--------no one cared for road infrastructure or other facilities before allowing all these fancy vehicles into India---there is no breathing space for the roads----on top of that they are all full of potholes. There is a vehicular chaos on Indian roads. There is no traffic discipline. Policemen are mute spectators of the rape of road rules. In fact, Indian traffic police is more interested in catching the deafaulters and making a quick buck----slush money , you know , rather than guiding and regulating traffic. They would be hiding behind trees or some other shelters to catch motorcycle riders/ car drivers who jump the red light signal.

There is a big' tamasha' every where. Go to a market place----you won't find any parking space. If it were a sunday or a holiday---all hell would break lose. No one is ever thinking odf decongesting the parking areas in the busy markets. The pattern is the same---be it Delhi, Bangalore, Shimla, Jammu or Mumbai. Why can not be think of having multi level parking places to answer for the shortage of space for the parking? Who has the time for such noble ideas?. Democracy allows people to be in position of authority , from a municipal councellor to a Central Government Minister for only five years. It is a life time opportunity. So, the rule of the game is to make hay while the sun shines. Create so much of wealth that one's SEVEN generations can live comfortably.

No wonder this democracy has allowed Indian politicians, bureaucrats and business men to amass some 1.5 trillion dollars in the numbered accounts of SWISS BANKS. And dear MM Singh thinks there was no urgency to get this money back----you know why because most of the money was of the people who run State and Central govts, directly or indirectly. Some years down the line, a drama might be enacted to make noise for extracting this money but by that time each penny would have been shifted to some other tax heaven. Therefore, this 1.5 triilion dollars of black money would be lost to India as did the money involved in Bofors, Hawala, Fodder, Submarine and host of ther scams-----this is why Indian democracy is a farce.

Take the case of Indian Media----the so called 4th estate. The media is not only a conglomeration of black-mailers and corrupt but it is also a set-up of ethically bankrupt people. Firstly, I refuse to believe, It was Indian Media----my hunch is that there was nothing known as Indian about them----they all work for their foreign masters who control them. Thus this farce of a democracy has given control of this fourth pillar of people's voice to foreigners, who control NOT only Indian executive and law makers through their well planned media campaigns but conduct media trials to influence the govt actions. Take the case of Kassab and Mohammed Afzal Guru, the two death-cell convicts. There is a media campaign spearheaded to save them from gallows on the plea that death sentence was inhuman and uncivilised. I wish some of them should be sent to combat the terrorists or let some of them have their planes hijacked or even the hotels they stay should be bombarded .Indian democracy has no control over such silly philosophers of human moralitries.

In this farcial democracy, in the name of liberty and freedom, persons like Arun Dhati Roys are flourishing. This self-styled champion of human moralities is allowed to not only slight and denigate India but she also threatens indian unity and integrity by pampering Maoists and supporting Jihadis in Kashmir. No one can tame her in this farcial democracy.She is not the only one --there are plenty of lose cannons this democracy has produced. There is one leader from Bihar, who when asked to react on Maoists killings in Bihar , responded by saying, " what was the big noise---Maoists have only killed the police INFORMERS?" Imagine he was the Chief Minister of the state for almost two decades and the life of POLICE INFORMERS was pea nuts for him. Do you think your police or other law enforcing agencies would ever be effective, if you have such people leading governance in India ? And think of it, he harbours an ambition to become the Prime minister of India ! God bless India.

You talk to old timers----those who saw life before 1947----they talk of governance and administration of the British with nostalagia----they still feel those were better times. Their most quoted refrain is that a women fully decked with jewellery and cash could go anywhere in darkness at night and return home unscathed. Let any daring girl of the YOUNGISTAN try today----I bet she would not only be robbed but also be molested and raped. This is what is our democracy. Liberty and freedom means a free for all. I remember I wrote a poem some years back ---" IN MY TIMES ;IN THY LAND"----I had also posted it on sulekha some two years back--- it is a long poem but-here are two opening stanzas for your consideration:-

Grand Pa! Grand Pa!! Where are thou?

Dare you answer my questions so?

What kind of freedom ye sought?

Against foreign rule, whence ye fought;

Was it to obtain freedom of expression?

Or to assume the right of suppression?

Did it envision a license to kill?

Or ye meant ‘corrupt at will’!

Were ‘law’ and ‘out – law’ to move hand in hand?

So ye desired, for my times in thy land!

‘Complete Independence’ was the slogan,

If ye remember the ‘Lahore’ resolution;

Freedom came in forty-seven,

Whence ye ensconced safely in heavens;

How could ye see houses uprooted?

Transmigration of humans mooted!

Men were slaughtered, children maimed,

Blood gushed through alleys and drains;

Women smothered, girls raped in dust and sand,

That’s the freedom of thy times for my land!

I want to talk about Indian judiciary also here. With about TWO crore cases pending in High Courts and Supreme Court, God knows when would justice see the light of the day? Once you are a judge of any of the High Court/Supreme Court-----you just can not be removed unless you resign-----the other course is impeachment-----which can never happen because of farcial politics of a farcial democracy. The less I talk of judiciary, the better it is. Involvement of high court judges in unethical practices, such as 'cash for judgement' scam of Punjab & Haryana High court, is just a tip of the ice berg . Think of " Uncle Judges" in high courts----some of them have 16-17 Uncle Judges. Do I need to talk about lower courts---if this is the state of High Courts?

While all this happening , I also know that India was progressing because of its own momentum. It is not because of indian leaders but because of her inherent strength of resources, size, population and talent that India can not be ignored by people who matter in the world.Tthe words of William Burns, the US under secretary of political affairs, give a soothing effect to the mind. He had visited India recntly. He writes on his blog, " I can't think of a global challenge today that doesn't require Indian cooperation-climate change, counter terrorism,international economic stability, nuclear non-proliferation, economic growth and the list goes on"

------What a dignified and a heart warming view of India? But it would be so if the Indian PENTAGON of POLITICIANS, BUREAUCRATS BUISINESS MEN, MEDIA and INDIAN LEGAL SYSTEM allow India to remain India. May you survive all your unbearable ordeals, MY INDIA!

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